\chapter{Developer's Section}%
\label{cha:developer's_section}

\section{How Builds Really Work and Even More Options}
\label{sec:builds_really_work_more_options}

This section describes how builds really work if you want to know more about making changes or understanding the process; probably only for a developer or system administrator.

Builds occur in 4 basic steps:

\begin{enumerate}[nosep]
	\item unpack/patch source code
	\item configure build
	\item make build targets
	\item installation
\end{enumerate}

So, an example of what happens in 4 steps for a single-user build would be as follows:

\begin{enumerate}[nosep]
	\item unpack/patch source code: \\
	\texttt{git clone --depth 1 ``git:/{\dots}/target'' cinelerra5} \\
	\texttt{./autogen.sh}
	\item configure build:\\
	\texttt{./configure --with-single-user}
	\item make build targets:\\
	\texttt{make 2 > \&1 | tee log}
	\item installation:\\
	\texttt{make install}
\end{enumerate}

A lot of things can be tweaked to change the results. Mostly these changes are parameters to the configure step, which can change important build related items, like the application name, or where and what the target system directories should be. This makes it possible to have several versions at the same time on the same computer if needed. To see what it is that the makefiles use to build \CGG{}, look at the resulting top-level global\_config file which is created by the ./configure step.

Building \CGG{} requires many thirdparty libraries, and it is recommended that you use the static build version included in the git repo. Some of them are patched, and fix significant bugs. It is important to note that because system installation historically has been with as many shared objects as possible, the defaults are that any system library detected during configuration setup will be used, when the package is built \textit{-{}-without-single-user}, which is the default build. To build with static thirdparty libraries for system install to the system /usr area, use:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{.configure -{}-enable-static-build --prefix=/usr}

Sometimes, additional package parameters and variables are needed during thirdparty builds. These optional values occur before and after the \textit{configure} and \textit{make} commands during a build. A presentation of the format of the package qualified variable names and how they appear in the build procedure are:

\hspace{2em}
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll}
	pkg.cfg\_vars & prepended to configure\\
	pkg.cfg\_params & appended to configure\\
	pkg.mak\_vars & prepended to make\\
	pkg.mak\_params & appended to make\\
    pkg.cflags & added as CFLAGS+=\$(cflags) to pkg.vars\\
	pkg.cppflags & added as CPPFLAGS+=\$(cppflags) to pkg.vars\\
\end{tabular}

These steps are done for EACH of the packages in the thirdparty build:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{<pkg.cfg\_vars> ./configure <pkg.cfg\_params>}

\hspace{2em}\texttt{<pkg.mak\_vars> make <pkg.mak\_params>}

The thirdparty Makefile has a set of default vars and params used to build each of the needed thirdparty packages, but you can specify new or overriding values for these Makefile substitutions. These thirdparty build config changes are specified in the top-level file: \textit{cin\_config}. By using this file, you can save the configuration changes made for the current build to use the next time you do a new build. For example, to add an include file path to the giflib build, add this line to \textit{cin\_config}:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{giflib.cflags := -I/usr/local/include/giflib5}

To have a param/var change apply to all thirdparty builds, use:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{CFG\_VARS, CFG\_PARAMS, MAK\_VARS, MAK\_PARAMS}

CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS and LDFLAGS are forwarded to the thirdparty build environment via:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{CFLAGS=-ggdb ./configure -{}-with-single-user}

However, there is no guarantee that the thirdparty build will honor the environmental flags.

Finally, there are build controls, which enable/disable and set build features.

A few of the more useful ./configure -{}-parameters are:

\begin{tabular}{ll}
	-{}-with-jobs=n & where n=number of build jobs; defaults to 1.5*cpus+2\\
	-{}-enable-static-build & build all 3rd party libs; defaults to yes if single-user, else no\\
	-{}-with-single-user& build installs to <build\_path>/bin; no system installation\\
\end{tabular}


The ./configure command builds \textit{global\_config}. The global\_config is read by the thirdparty/Makefile to create the recipes and definitions used by the thirdparty build.

There are a lot of different options.  Thirdparty library build control is available in the configure step of the build.  Thirdparty libraries are built on a demand basis.  So if you use:

\begin{tabular}{l p{11cm}}
  -{}-enable-libname=auto & the static-build enable, or the lack of a system library causes a build\\
  -{}-enable-libname=yes  &  this forces the thirdparty build\\
  -{}-enable-libname=no   &  this forces no thirdparty build\\
\end{tabular}

FFmpeg is a \textit{strongly connected} component in the build linkage and widely influences the \CGG{} library demands.  It is possible to make small additions to the ffmpeg configuration step using the environment variable \texttt{FFMPEG\_EXTRA\_CFG}.  For example, to eliminate the use of libvdpau (an nvidia support library) in the ffmpeg configuration step after you have determined that it is causing an error, use:

\begin{itemize}[label={},nosep]
	\item \texttt{make clean}
	\item \texttt{autogen.sh}
	\item \texttt{export FFMPEG\_EXTRA\_CFG=" -{}-disable-vdpau"} 
	\item \texttt{./configure} {\dots}
\end{itemize}

Specific information on using the current ffmpeg GIT repository follows.  You have to supply the actual URL location of the ffmpeg git as you can see in this example \texttt{?bld.sh?} script:

\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none]
#!/bin/bash\newline
() ./autogen.sh\newline
./configure --with-single-user --with-booby --with-git-ffmpeg=https://git.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg.git
make && make install ) 2>1 | tee log
mv Makefile Makefile.cfg
cp Makefile.devel Makefile
\end{lstlisting}

Since the procedure for obtaining the latest ffmpeg version is not always kept up-to-date and the line numbers will always change, you may have to create that patch first. Generally those line numbers are only updated by a developer when a new stable version with worthwhile features is actually included in the \CGG{} build. FFmpeg is constantly changing and many times the git version is not as stable as desired.

\section{Configuration Features}
\label{sec:configuration_features}

A listing of the current configuration features as of January 11, 2020:

\begingroup
    \fontsize{10pt}{12pt}\selectfont
\begin{verbatim}

`configure' configures \CGG{} to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
  --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]
  --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]
  --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]
  --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]
  --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include]
  --datarootdir=DIR       read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]
  --datadir=DIR           read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]
  --infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]
  --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]
  --mandir=DIR            man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]
  --docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/cinelerra]
  --htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]
  --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]
  --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]
  --psdir=DIR             ps documentation [DOCDIR]

Program names:
  --program-prefix=PREFIX            prepend PREFIX to installed program names
  --program-suffix=SUFFIX            append SUFFIX to installed program names
  --program-transform-name=PROGRAM   run sed PROGRAM on installed program names

Optional Features:
  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options
  --disable-FEATURE       do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)
  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]
  --enable-silent-rules   less verbose build output (undo: "make V=1")
  --disable-silent-rules  verbose build output (undo: "make V=0")
  --enable-dependency-tracking
                          do not reject slow dependency extractors
  --disable-dependency-tracking
                          speeds up one-time build
  --enable-a52dec         build a52dec (yes)
  --enable-djbfft         build djbfft (yes)
  --enable-audiofile      build audiofile (no)
  --enable-encore         build encore (no)
  --enable-esound         build esound (no)
  --enable-ffmpeg         build ffmpeg (yes)
  --enable-fftw           build fftw (auto)
  --enable-flac           build flac (auto)
  --enable-giflib         build giflib (yes)
  --enable-ilmbase        build ilmbase (auto)
  --enable-lame           build lame (auto)
  --enable-libavc1394     build libavc1394 (auto)
  --enable-libraw1394     build libraw1394 (auto)
  --enable-libiec61883    build libiec61883 (auto)
  --enable-libdv          build libdv (auto)
  --enable-libjpeg        build libjpeg (auto)
  --enable-opus           build opus (auto)
  --enable-openjpeg       build openjpeg (auto)
  --enable-libogg         build libogg (auto)
  --enable-libsndfile     build libsndfile (auto)
  --enable-libtheora      build libtheora (auto)
  --enable-libuuid        build libuuid (yes)
  --enable-libvorbis      build libvorbis (auto)
  --enable-mjpegtools     build mjpegtools (yes)
  --enable-openexr        build openexr (auto)
  --enable-tiff           build tiff (auto)
  --enable-twolame        build twolame (auto)
  --enable-x264           build x264 (auto)
  --enable-x265           build x265 (auto)
  --enable-libvpx         build libvpx (auto)
  --enable-lv2            build lv2 (auto)
  --enable-sratom         build sratom (auto)
  --enable-serd           build serd (auto)
  --enable-sord           build sord (auto)
  --enable-lilv           build lilv (auto)
  --enable-suil           build suil (auto)
  --enable-libaom         build libaom (auto)
  --enable-dav1d          build dav1d (auto)
  --enable-libwebp        build libwebp (auto)
  --enable-ffnvcodec      build ffnvcodec (auto)
  --enable-static-build   build static ([auto])
  --enable-x264_hidepth   build x264 10bit ([no])
  --enable-x265_hidepth   build x265 10bit ([no])

Optional Packages:
  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]
  --without-PACKAGE       do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)
  --with-jobs             parallel build jobs (auto)
  --with-exec-name        binary executable name (cin)
  --with-single-user      to install cin in bin (no)
  --with-ladspa-build     build ladspa library (yes)
  --with-lv2              lv2 library support (yes)
  --with-cinlib           cinelerra library path (auto)
  --with-cindat           cinelerra share path (auto)
  --with-plugin-dir       plugin install dir (auto)
  --with-ladspa-dir       ladspa install dir (auto)
  --with-config-dir       .bcast config dir ($$HOME/.bcast5)
  --with-nested-dir       nested proxy dir ($$HOME/Videos)
  --with-browser          cin_browser path (firefox)
  --with-git-ffmpeg       git ffmpeg using url (no)
  --with-noelision        use noelision/libpthread (auto)
  --with-booby            window lock trace booby trap (no)
  --with-libzmpeg         build libzmpeg (yes)
  --with-commercial       enable commercial capture (yes)
  --with-thirdparty       use thirdparty build (yes)
  --with-shuttle          shuttle device (yes)
  --with-wintv            usb 2040:826d wintv device (yes)
  --with-x10tv            usb 0bc7:0004 X10 remote device (yes)
  --with-vaapi            video acceleration api (yes)
  --with-vdpau            video decode+presentation api for unix (yes)
  --with-nv               nvenc/nvdec ffnvcodec api (yes)
  --with-cuda             nv cuda plugins (auto)
  --with-clang            use clang instead of gcc/g++ (no)
  --with-gl               use opengl (auto)
  --with-oss              use OSS audio (auto)
  --with-xft              use libXft (auto)
  --with-alsa             use libasound/alsa (auto)
  --with-firewire         use firewire (auto)
  --with-dv               use dv (auto)
  --with-dvb              use dvb (auto)
  --with-video4linux2     use v4l2 (auto)
  --with-xxf86vm          use xf86vmode (auto)
  --with-esound           use esd (auto)
  --with-shuttle          shuttle dev support (auto)
  --with-shuttle_usb      use libusb-1.0 (auto)
  --with-lv2              use lv2 (auto)
  --with-cuda             build cuda plugins (auto)
  --with-dl               system has libdl (auto)
  --with-opencv           opencv=sys/sta/dyn,git/tar=url (auto)
  --with-numa             system has libnuma (auto)
  --with-openexr          use openexr (auto)

Some influential environment variables:
  CC          C compiler command
  CFLAGS      C compiler flags
  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a
              nonstandard directory <lib dir>
  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>
  CPPFLAGS    (Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if
              you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir>
  CCAS        assembler compiler command (defaults to CC)
  CCASFLAGS   assembler compiler flags (defaults to CFLAGS)
  CXX         C++ compiler command
  CXXFLAGS    C++ compiler flags

Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help
it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

Report bugs to <mail@lists.cinelerra-gg.org>.

\end{verbatim}
\endgroup

\section{Thirdparty Parallel Build}
\label{sec:thirdparty_parallel_build}

The Makefile in the thirdparty build directory employs a set of macros used to create a build rule set of thirdparty library build dependencies.  The standard build sequence of [source, config, build] is used to prepare thirdparty products as static libraries.  Build package dependency can be specified in the Makefile std-build macro call.  These Makefile macro calls define the rules used for each thirdparty build.  The expanded rule definitions may be viewed by using:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{make -C thirdparty rules}

Individual package libraries can be rebuilt, via:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{make -C thirdparty <pkg>-clean;  make -C thirdparty <pkg>}

The rule targets create the set of thirdparty packages which are built from local source archive copies of thirdparty source code and patches, if needed.  The build rule set of dependencies allows for compiling multiple thirdparty programs simultaneously using maximum computer resources.  This parallel build speeds up the process considerably.  For example, these are full static build timings on the production build machine (full build includes building all thirdparty programs as well as all of \CGG{}):

\hspace{2em}
\begin{tabular}{@{}rcr}
	1 cpu & = & 61 mins\\
	12 cpus & = & 7.5 mins\\
	24 cpus & = & 2 mins\\
\end{tabular}

\section{Using the very latest Libraries}
\label{sec:latest_libraries}

Using the most current libraries can be a challenge for some of the Operating System distros that use
stable compilers, assemblers, and their own libraries.  Because they are stable, they frequently do
not keep up with the very latest of thirdparty libraries.  Consequently, some program constructs may
not yet be implemented.  \CGG{} tries to maintain stability since it is better to have less features
and no crashes.  The goal is to make \CGG{} widely available on many platforms rather than
dependent on advanced tools that are not supported on some distros.

\CGG{} attempts to upgrade to the latest releases of many thirdparty libraries about every 3-4
months. But it is often difficult to keep some of these thirdparty libraries up to date as their
developers switch from tried and true standard tools to newer, less standard tools. As a result 
in order to build \CGG{} on 2-3 versions of any distro rather than only the most current version,
some thirdparty libraries can not be kept up to date and may even be to the point of no further
updates.  In a lot of cases, the updated releases provide little new capabilities but rather
are bug fixes that may not even be relevant to \CGG{}'s use.

So as a computer savvy user or a developer, if you would like to build \CGG{} with the latest
thirdparty releases for some of the packages here are a few suggestions based on other 
developer's feedback and experimentation.

\textbf{dav1d} 
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - currently \CGG{} is staying at 0.5.  This is disappointing because there
may be speed gains in version 0.6 that would be beneficial. However, it is usable for decoding
whereas libaom is just too slow.  Unfortunately, it has no effective encoder.
     \item Problem - 0.6 dav1d requires NASM 2.14 and uses instructions like vgf2p8affineqb,
not exactly an "add" instruction. It also uses meson which is not widely available on all
distros.  The only distros that are built for \CGG{} that are at 2.14 are the latest version
of Arch, Debian(10), Gentoo, Tumbleweed, and Fedora(31). The rest are at 2.12 and 2.13 including
the most widely used Ubuntu. The NASM requirement apparently provides for using AVX-512 
instructions (like vgf2p8affineqb, which is more like a whole routine than a simple instruction).
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - a Makefile was generated to replace Meson usage
but has to be continuously updated for new releases. Dav1d 0.5 requires NASM 2.13 so at this level
the newer distros mostly work.  The availability of meson and nasm are a significant problem on
many systems which are still in wide use.
     \item Your workaround - Because a request to dav1d developers to consider changes to
ensure their library is more widely usable does not appear to be in their future, since it works
for them, you can upgrade NASM to 2.14 to stay up to date.  Of course, install meson also.
\end{description}

\textbf{OpenExr} 
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - currently at latest version 
     \item Problem - the OpenExr tarball is not a single package but is 2 packages instead
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - reworked the packages so that it looks like
one package with 2 stubs
     \item Your workaround - perhaps use the same workaround
\end{description}

\textbf{OpenCV}
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - 2 different versions specific for O/S but none for Ubuntu 14, 32 or 64 bit
     \item Problem - There are really 2 problems here.  The first is OpenCV is not really
"Open" in that Surf is patented/non-free and there is no actual source available for certain
capabilities. The second is that cmake 3.5.1 is required for OpenCV 4.2.
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - using 3.4.1 for older distros and 4.2 for newer
     \item Your workaround - upgrade cmake to 3.5.1 for upgrade to 4.2; add non-free to the
compile; and use binaries that you do not know what they contain since no source code to compile.
Look into opencv4/opencv2/core/types.hpp:711;27
\end{description}

\textbf{webp}
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - currently at version 1.1.0
     \item Problem - requires cmake 3.5 
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - leaving out of Ubuntu14, Ubuntu, Centos7
     \item Your workaround - upgrade on those systems to cmake 3.5
\end{description}

\textbf{libaom}
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - currently at version 1.0.0 
     \item Problem - requires cmake 3.5 
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - leaving out of Ubuntu14, Ubuntu, Centos7
     \item Your workaround - upgrade on those systems to cmake 3.5
\end{description}

\textbf{x10tv}
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - this is the x10 TV remote control
     \item Problem - INPUT\_PROP\_POINTING\_STICK not defined error on older distros
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - leaving out of Ubuntu14, Ubuntu, Centos7
     \item Your workaround - look into /usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h
\end{description}

\textbf{libvpx}
\begin{description}[noitemsep]
     \item Status - currently at version 1.8.1
     \item Problem - when decoding a test file, it failed to correctly load to the timeline
     \item Workaround already in use by \CGG{} - not upgrading to 1.8.2
     \item Your workaround - no analysis for a solution has been performed yet
\end{description}

\section{Find Lock Problems with Booby Trap}
\label{sec:find_lock_problems_booby_trap}

A Booby Trap is used in CinGG for setting a trap to catch lock problems that might have been missed. It will trap boobies only if compile by adding \textit{-{}-with-booby} on the configuration command line. This is the default if you compile using \texttt{./bld.sh} from the GIT repository. It should not interfere with normal execution.

If you have the time and inclination, enable \textit{-{}-with-booby} and send any trap output that you find. Maybe you will catch some boobies and if you do, send a snapshot of any boobies you find.

There are 2 potential traps:

\begin{itemize}[nosep]
	\item If you try to unlock a lock when it is not locked
	\item If you execute a drawing operation without holding the window lock
\end{itemize}

The trap prints the following in the controlling terminal window:

\hspace{2em} \textit{BOOBY! \qquad <backtrace>}

An example backtrace is below along with a hint below on how to analyze:

\begin{lstlisting}[numbers=none]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(_Z5boobyv+0x3f) [0x557069fa9b2f] /home/cin5/bin/./cin(_ZN13BC_WindowBase9draw_lineEiiiiP9BC_Pixmap+0x3b)0x557069fb9a9b]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(\_ZN10BC_ListBox11draw_borderEi+0x73)[0x557069f7dc73]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(+0x9707fb) [0x557069f7e7fb]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(\ZN10BC\ListBox16center\selectionEv+0x4e)[0x557069f7f2ae]
/home/cin5/bin/plugins/video/sketcher.plugin(_ZN17SketcherCurveList6updateEi+0x1a0)[0x7f1b8002a4c0]
/home/cin5/bin/plugins/video/sketcher.plugin(_ZN18SketcherCurveColor17handle_done_eventEi+0x76)[0x7f1b8002a5f6]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(_ZN15BC_DialogThread3runEv+0xd8)[0x557069f6fb78]
/home/cin5/bin/./cin(_ZN6Thread10entrypointEPv+0x45)[0x557069fc5995]
/usr/lib/libpthread.so.0(+0x7a9d) [0x7f1b91b4ea9d]
/usr/lib/libc.so.6(clone+0x43) [0x7f1b90accb23]
\end{lstlisting}

To see which routine is reporting the booby key in:

\hspace{2em} \texttt{c++filt}

And then the $2^{nd}$ line in the backtrace above:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{\_ZN13BC\_WindowBase9draw\_lineEiiiiP9BC\_Pixmap}

It comes back with the routine as:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{BC\_WindowBase::draw\_line(int, int, int, int, BC\_Pixmap*)}

\section{Valgrind Support Level}
\label{sec:valgrind_support_level}

Valgrind is a memory mis-management detector.  It shows you memory leaks, deallocation errors, mismanaged threads, rogue reads/writes, etc.  \CGG{} memory management is designed to work with Valgrind detection methods.  This assists in developing reliable code.  Use of Valgrind points out problems so that they can be fixed.  For example, when this version of \CGG{} shuts down, it deallocates memory instead of just stopping, thus making memory leak detection possible.

The best way to compile and run valgrind is to run the developer static build. This takes 2 steps and you must already have gdb and valgrind installed:

\begin{enumerate}[nosep]
	\item The standard static build:\\
		\texttt{cd /path/cinelerra-5.1}\\
		\texttt{make clean}\\
		\texttt{./bld.sh}
	\item run the incremental rebuild for debug objs:\\
		\texttt{CFLAGS=-ggdb make -j8 rebuild\_all}
\end{enumerate}

Now your \CGG{} obj has all of the debug stuff. Next run valgrind as root for the most useful results:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{cd /path/cinelerra-5.1/cinelerra}

\hspace{2em}\texttt{valgrind -{}-log-file=/tmp/log -{}-leak-check=full\\
	-{}-num-callers=32 ./ci}

This runs \CGG{} under the control of valgrind, and produces a log file in /tmp which will list information about any leaks, usually clearly identifiable. Be sure to Quit out of \CGG{} normally instead of Ctrl-C or a SEGV otherwise the program does not have a chance to cleanup and there will be some false alarms. But it runs very slowly, and is basically single threaded, which means that race conditions may be impossible to catch$\dots$ like one thread deletes memory that another thread is currently using. But overall it is a big help and if you test any new features, please email the log output. A lot of effort when writing the code was put into trying to be sure that all of the object constructors have matching destructors so that the leaks can be identified. There are already several libraries that create predictable memory leaks and valgrind does a good job for most of these.

It is impossible to test everything with valgrind because some things are just too big and slow for a practical test. Occasionally you can find a leak or an illegal memory access. There are several false alarms that are difficult to avoid \textit{Conditional jump} messages, and \textit{unhandled DW\_OP\_}, but anything with the word \textit{illegal} in the message is important. Memory leaks that originate in \CGG{} are good to find and fix, but are usually not deadly.

\section{CFLAGS has -Wall}
\label{sec:cflags_has_-wall}
When compiling \CGG{} Infinity a CFLAGS option used is \textit{Wall} where the "W" represents warnings and "all" means all.  This causes the compile to check for simple mistakes that can be detected automatically and issue warnings when the code is questionable.  It can also detect situations where the compiler will generate incorrect code, like type-punned pointer.  By turning on this flag, when new code is vetted for predictable mistakes, the code can be corrected before becoming manifested in the application.

\section{Prof2 -- A Profiler}
\label{sec:prof2_profiler}

Frequently there is a problem with a program running slow and you do not know why. You need a thumbnail analysis of where the program is spending most of its time without all of the overwhelming details. This is when a Profiler comes in handy.

There are many different profilers available -- this particular one does not do anything special and is fairly ordinary in that it just characterizes frequency of execution of various regions in the program. However, it has some pretty good strengths as listed next.

\begin{enumerate}[nosep]
	\item It takes very little or no preconditioning, i.e. setup
	\item The effect it has on the running program is minimal
	\item It runs almost at full speed, which is really nice
	\item It is not particularly thread aware
	\item Reports where it is executing at intervals of 100 times a second
\end{enumerate}

\subsection{Setup}
\label{sub:setup}

This profiler works on x86\_64 systems and you must be root to compile and run it. Also, you must install your operating system's \textit{iberty} -- for example, which would be binutils-devel for Fedora or libiberty-dev for Ubuntu 18.

Go to the top level \CGG{} directory.

Key in: \qquad \texttt{prof2}

Key in: \qquad \texttt{make clean all install}

Later, if you wanttitle to remove this from the system,

key in: \qquad \texttt{make uninstall}

\subsection{How to use}
\label{sub:how_to_use}

The program you are profiling should be compiled debuggable with stack frame and symbols enabled.

To see help, key in: \qquad \texttt{prof -h}

usage: -h [-o path] [-d] [-e] [-p libpath] [-012] [-u \#] cmd args...

\hspace{2em}
\begin{tabular}{@{}ll}
	-o & profile output pathname, -=stdout, -{}-=stderr\\
	-d & debug otitleutput enabled\\
	-e & child debug output enabled\\
	-p & specify path for libprofile.so\\
	-0 & usr+sys cpu timer intervals (sigprof)\\
	-1 & usr only cpu timer intervals (sigvtalrm)\\
	-2 & real time timer intervals (sigalrm)\\
	-u & profile timer interval in usecs\\
\end{tabular}

To execute the profiler, key in:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{prof -o /tmp/prof\_list.txt ./cin}

where \texttt{/tmp/prof\_list.txt} is the output file and in this case \texttt{cin} is the \CGG{} binary file. The pid of this command will be displayed on the startup window. This comes in handy in the use case where there is a lot of initial load and possible configuration setup inside of \CGG{} and you want to profile plugins and not necessarily all of the setup steps. Then you can use the following command in another window to continue running \CGG{} and obtain the more useful information:

\hspace{2em}\texttt{kill -USR1 pid}

Running this command refreshes the memory maps used for profiling. When you are profiling a plugin, you want to run this AFTER the plugin loads.

\subsection{Results}
\label{sub:results}

There are 3 sections in the resulting output file of this stochastic quick analysis.

\begin{enumerate}[nosep]
	\item The first section is a histogram of the timer intervals of that sample set. Each function occupies a region of addresses. One hundred times a second, the profiler samples the program address in the region of execution.
	\item In the second section, there is another histogram of the cumulative frequency of all things in the call stack and this should point out who is the culprit. For example, a codec calls a bunch of subroutines, the cost of the subroutines is accumulated to the codec parent caller. This makes the actual cpu user much more apparent.
	\item The last section is for the library spaces. Each library occupies a region and the profiler adds up the time spent in each of the libraries by frequency.
\end{enumerate}

On the very bottom is a 1 line summary which shows you if there is a bad guy and who it is.

\subsection{Sample output}
\label{sub:sample_output}

\textit{--- profile start ---}

\textbf{1020 ticks 43 modules 81412 syms}\\
\begin{tabular}{@{}rrp{\linewidth-6em}}
 0.010s & 0.1\% & Autos::copy(long, long, FileXML*, int, int) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & BinFolders::copy\_from(BinFolders*) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & cstrdup(char const*)     /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & XMLBuffer::encode\_data(char*, char const*, int) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & XMLBuffer::encoded\_length(char const*, int) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & PluginClient::send\_configure\_change() /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & UndoVersion::scan\_lines(UndoHashTable*, char*, char*) /mnt0/.../cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & UndoStackItem::set\_data(char*) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & UndoStack::load(\_IO\_FILE*) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & BC\_Bitmap::cur\_bfr()     /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & YUV::init\_tables(int, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*, int*) /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
\end{tabular}\\
$\dots$\\
$\dots$\\
\textit{--- profile calls ---}

\begin{tabular}{@{}rrl}
 0.010s & 0.1\% & AutoConf::save\_xml(FileXML*)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & Automation::copy(long, long, FileXML*, int, int)   1.0 /mnt0/.../cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & AWindow::run()             1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & Canvas::stop\_single()      1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & ColorPicker::new\_gui()     1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & ColorWindow::create\_objects()   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & PaletteWheel::draw(float, float)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & PaletteHex::update()       1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & 0.1\% & CWindowGUI::draw\_status(int)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 0.010s & \textbf{0.1\%} & CWindowCanvas::status\_event()   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
\end{tabular}\\
$\dots$\\
$\dots$\\
\begin{tabular}{@{}rrl}
 0.990s & \textbf{9.7\%} & BC\_Xfer::xfer\_slices(int)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 1.880s & \textbf{18.4\%} & DirectUnit::process\_package(LoadPackage*)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 1.880s & \textbf{18.4\%} & DirectUnit::rgba8888()     1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 3.910s & \textbf{38.3\%} & \_\_init\_array\_end           1.1 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 5.450s & \textbf{53.4\%} & LoadClient::run()          1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 7.890s & \textbf{77.4\%} & Thread::entrypoint(void*)   1.0 /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
 7.890s & \textbf{77.4\%} & start\_thread               1.0 /lib64/libpthread-2.28.so\\
\end{tabular}\\
---\\
---\\
\begin{tabular}{@{}rrl}
 0.010s & 0.1\%/  0.0\% & /lib64/libm-2.28.so\\
 0.010s & 0.1\%/  0.0\% & /lib64/libexpat.so.1.6.8\\
 0.020s & 0.2\%/  0.1\% & /lib64/libXext.so.6.4.0\\
 0.020s & 0.2\%/  0.1\% & /lib64/libXft.so.2.3.2\\
 0.020s & 0.2\%/  0.1\% & /lib64/libxcb.so.1.1.0\\
 0.040s & 0.4\%/  0.2\% & /lib64/ld-2.28.so\\
 0.050s & 0.5\%/  0.2\% & /lib64/libpng16.so.16.34.0\\
 0.130s & 1.3\%/  0.6\% & /lib64/libX11.so.6.3.0\\
 0.180s & 1.8\%/  0.8\% & /lib64/libz.so.1.2.11\\
 0.200s & 2.0\%/  0.9\% & /lib64/libfontconfig.so.1.12.0\\
 0.380s & 3.7\%/  1.8\% & /lib64/libpthread-2.28.so\\
 1.660s & 16.3\%/ 7.7\% & /lib64/libc-2.28.so\\
 7.480s & 73.3\%/34.7\% & /mnt0/build5/cinelerra-5.1/bin/cin\\
\end{tabular}

\textbf{10.200t 0.001u+0.000s 21.566r  47.3\%}\\
\textit{--- profile end ---}

The summary line above in Bold represents the User time, System time, Real time and the percentage is how much Timer time elapsed over Real time so in this case the measurement covers 47.3\% of time.\\
So why use a Profiler? Because it is the ``ls'' for executable functions!!
