Frames per seconds is usually $29.97$ for NTSC and $25$ fps for PAL. The standard SD dvd generally uses the MPEG-2 program stream with a filename extension of \texttt{m2v}. BD blu-ray media is not normally interlaced, but you can leave it interlaced. Blu-ray uses the MPEG transport stream which contains 1 or more program streams with a default filename extension of \texttt{m2ts}.
Requirements for creating DVDs is the hardware device to write the media on and, obviously, the blank media for either BD or SD. When generating SD media, you will have to install \textit{dvdauthor} and for BD media, install \textit{udftools} if they are not on your system. Also, keep in mind that to mount filesystems for creating files and to burn DVDs, you will have to be root since you have to have privileges, unless special permissions have been provided for a non-root user. It is also highly recommended to
-run the cinelerra startup from a terminal window, instead of the icon, in order to see informative messages of how to actually write the output (at prompt: keyin \texttt{<install\_directory\_path/bin/cin}).
+run the Cinelerra startup from a terminal window, instead of the icon, in order to see informative messages of how to actually write the output (at prompt: keyin \texttt{<install\_directory\_path/bin/cin}).
A warning here -- writing blu-ray BDs and regular SDs can take a large amount of clock time. Keep in mind that a blu-ray can contain 25 hours of viewing, so would take multiple hours to just write one.
The max disk space needed is a little over $100GB$ for $50GB$ Double Layer (DL) media or $50GB$ for a single layer BD blu-ray. A standard SD of $4.7GB$ needs about $10GB$ disk space. You probably can get by with much less if the render for blu-ray is less than 25 hours of media. You will need twice as much disk space as the media holds to ensure you have sufficient space for working and copying.
-The most important thing you need to know about in order to get started is \textit{Format} and \textit{Scale} in the \textit{Create dvd or bd} window. Format settings shown in the \texttt{Set Format} window are set accordingly to an algorithm. Basically, it will take whatever you say in the asset format. It matches that against the known Presets available so that is what will be shown. If the asset format doesn't match any of the Presets default formats, then that will be shown as the \texttt{User Defined} format. In addition when you load media, the format is initially set to \texttt{same as source} so matches the source input and if that matches a known preset, then that is what is shown. The PAL versus NTSC only comes into play when there is no known correct matching format when you attempt to create a DVD Render batch job. It is applied when you click OK. For example, if you load up a YouTube video, it will not match any known format and will choose PAL or NTSC based on time zone.
+The most important thing you need to know about in order to get started is \textit{Format} and \textit{Scale} in the \textit{Create dvd or bd} window. Format settings shown in the \texttt{Set Format} window are set accordingly to an algorithm. Basically, it will take whatever you say in the asset format. It matches that against the known Presets available so that is what will be shown. If the asset format doesn't match any of the Presets default formats, then that will be shown as the \textit{User Defined} format. In addition when you load media, the format is initially set to \textit{same as source} so matches the source input and if that matches a known preset, then that is what is shown. The PAL versus NTSC only comes into play when there is no known correct matching format when you attempt to create a DVD Render batch job. It is applied when you click OK. For example, if you load up a YouTube video, it will not match any known format and will choose PAL or NTSC based on time zone.
-Figure~\ref{fig:preset01} shows pulldown \texttt{Presets} in \textit{Set Format} window:
+Figure~\ref{fig:preset01} shows pulldown \textit{Presets} in \textit{Set Format} window:
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
\item If not logged in as root, you will get an error message in order to avoid doing a lot of work and then failing out because root is required for automount and to write on DVD hardware.
\item Load your input source media via: \texttt{File $\rightarrow$ Load files}.
\item Choose PAL or NTSC for SD/dvd or 1080P/24 for blu-ray in \texttt{Settings $\rightarrow$ Format}.
- \item For blu-ray, choose BD Render or for PAL/NTSC, choose DVD \texttt{Render} in \textit{File} menu.
- \item Designate a \textit{work path} with sufficient disk space and then \texttt{Chk-OK}.
- \item When the Batch Render window comes up, click on \texttt{Start} and the batch jobs will run.
+ \item For blu-ray, choose BD Render or for PAL/NTSC, choose DVD \textit{Render} in \textit{File} menu.
+ \item Designate a \textit{work path} with sufficient disk space and then Chk-OK.
+ \item When the Batch Render window comes up, click on \textit{Start} and the batch jobs will run.
\item Read the final messages echoed to the screen to see the command for burning… OR:
\item Use the provided directory name to:\\
\texttt{cd /<target directory>bd\_(or dvd\_)<date-time>}
- \item Load your media, format if needed, note device name to substitute for \texttt{<bd>} or \texttt{<dvd>}
+ \item Load your media, format if needed, note device name to substitute for \textit{<bd>} or \textit{<dvd>}
\begin{itemize}
\item If rewritable blu-ray, use \\
\texttt{dd if=./bd.udfs of=/dev/<bd> bs=2048000}
Any problems encountered will require that you read more information in this section to include specific details, helpful hints, and problem resolution.
-\paragraph{Details and specific explanations} to create blu-ray or regular DVD are provided here. It is very advantageous to startup cinelerra from the command line prompt instead of the icon. Also, please be root or your hard work will be lost when the automount is issued and fails for bluray udfs mounting.
+\paragraph{Details and specific explanations} to create blu-ray or regular DVD are provided here. It is very advantageous to startup Cinelerra from the command line prompt instead of the icon. Also, please be root or your hard work will be lost when the automount is issued and fails for bluray udfs mounting.
The general design of the DVD/blu-ray generation operations is to first render media using batch rendering and then terminate Cinelerra to start a script which creates the target device filesystem data. These scripts are the \texttt{dvd.sh} and \texttt{bd.sh} scripts written into the target directory. For DVD, the general plan is to write a directory \texttt{<target>/iso} with the dvd filesystem via \textit{dvdauthor} and then generate an iso9660 filesystem and write it to a dvd via \textit{growisofs}.
A different and more complicated method you can use to turn off automount is to download and install the \textit{dconf-editor}. Automount is a system parameter and only needs to be done once unless you do not want automounts to always be disabled.
\begin{enumerate}
- \item run: \texttt{dconf-editor}
- \item select: org $\rightarrow$ gnome $\rightarrow$ desktop $\rightarrow$ applications $\rightarrow$ media-handling
- \item uncheck: automount
- \item close dconf-editor window
+ \item run: \textit{dconf-editor}
+ \item select: \texttt{org $\rightarrow$ gnome $\rightarrow$ desktop $\rightarrow$ applications $\rightarrow$ media-handling}
+ \item uncheck: \textit{automount}
+ \item close \textit{dconf-editor} window
\end{enumerate}
Immediately below are the detailed steps with explanations for creating SD or BD media.
\begin{itemize}
\item Select desired features, check/un-check as appropriate.
- \item Click \texttt{OK} check button. It is very important to realize that when you check OK, the EDL will be saved and that will be used for batch job rendering. If you bring up the Batch Render and then change some parameters, they will not take effect UNLESS you remember to either check \texttt{Save to EDL Path} or \texttt{Use Current EDL} in the Batch Render window. You will get a reminder automatically if \texttt{warn if jobs/session mismatched} is checked.
+ \item Click OK check button. It is very important to realize that when you check OK, the EDL will be saved and that will be used for batch job rendering. If you bring up the Batch Render and then change some parameters, they will not take effect UNLESS you remember to either check \textit{Save to EDL Path} or \textit{Use Current EDL} in the Batch Render window. You will get a reminder automatically if \textit{warn if jobs/session mismatched} is checked.
\end{itemize}
Explanation of the choice boxes as seen in figure~\ref{fig:bluray_dvd} for both SD and BD menus is given below. Many of them are plugins which allow you to further manipulate the settings for best results. They are just suggestions set by the program automatically based on your input media, and can be reset to suit your needs. These are listed in the next 4 points.
\item If the media does not match the DVD target geometry, and the scale plugin is not already in use, then the \textit{scale} plugin is applied with scaling set to fit the media dimensions to the DVD format target geometry.
\item If the video height is at least twice the DVD height and the input media is interlaced, then the \textit{deinterlace} plugin is applied with odd line sampling.
\item \textit{Audio 5.1} will automatically be set to the wide-audio if you have 6 tracks of audio.
- \item To allow video data to be accessible and overlay properly, the track buffers are \textit{resized} to the largest track frame size in use (\texttt{Resize Tracks}). The theory behind this is to make sure to have enough memory to cover the entire presentation for transcoding.
+ \item To allow video data to be accessible and overlay properly, the track buffers are \textit{resized} to the largest track frame size in use (\textit{Resize Tracks}). The theory behind this is to make sure to have enough memory to cover the entire presentation for transcoding.
\end{enumerate}
\noindent All of the current choice boxes are further defined immediately following.
\item[Aspect Ratio] aspect ratio may be automatically set to $4:3$ or $16:9$. Aspect ratio would better be defined as the size of the display, monitor, or TV which will be used to view the output. If you measure your old TV, which supposedly is $4:3$ and your latest digital TV, which is supposedly $16:9$, you will see that those ratios aren't always correct anyway. Then measure your laptop monitor, your desktop monitor, and your neighbor's, and lo and behold, the ratios don't fit either of the purported \textit{standard} aspect ratio. Maintaining square pixels via scaling is more important in the long run.
\item[Use FFMPEG] this is user's choice; it is recommended and faster but more difficult to modify due to numerous options. For blu-ray, ffmpeg must be used and is not an available option.
\item[Resize Tracks] change track width and height as explained previously. The size is adjusted to the largest frame size needed.
- \item[Chapters at Labels] without this checked, chapters markers are automatically inserted every 5 minutes. The chapter labels can then be \textit{skipped to} when playing the DVD. If instead, you want to put labels in at opportune times, you will have to run dvdauthor outside of Cinelerra and mark the chapter labels yourself by hand. In that case, you should checkbox \texttt{Chapters at Labels} so that the automatic 10-minute labels are not created. This checkbox is not currently available for blu-ray.
+ \item[Chapters at Labels] without this checked, chapters markers are automatically inserted every 5 minutes. The chapter labels can then be \textit{skipped to} when playing the DVD. If instead, you want to put labels in at opportune times, you will have to run dvdauthor outside of Cinelerra and mark the chapter labels yourself by hand. In that case, you should checkbox \textit{Chapters at Labels} so that the automatic 10-minute labels are not created. This checkbox is not currently available for blu-ray.
\end{description}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/dvd02.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{images/dvd02.png}
\caption{check Deinterlace; Histogram and Resize Tracks}
\label{fig:dvd02}
\end{figure}
The \texttt{Scale} parameter gives you a lot of flexibility. A default based on your input media is provided for you but possible choices are None, Scaled, Cropped, Filled, Horiz Edge, and Vert Edge. You will have the opportunity to manipulate the desired results in the \textit{Scale Ratio} window. Values for W (width), H (height), and X/Y coordinates are the number of pixels. For example, if video is $720\times432$, that is obviously 720 pixels by 432 pixels and this would be the values for Dst W and for Dst H. So if you have some media that is off center you can crop by changing the SRC Y value AND then change DST X/Y to non-zero. It will become the output origin. To see what it does, change them from $0.0$ to $400.0$ and you will see big changes in the compositor window.
-For example, if you have the Cropped choice for the Scale, you will want to manipulate the \textit{ScaleRatio} plugin (the magnifying glass on the main window video track) which brings up the Scale window. For cropped top instead of crop both top and bottom, modify the \texttt{Src Y}. As you change the Y scale, you will see the cropping take place in the Compositor.
+For example, if you have the Cropped choice for the Scale, you will want to manipulate the \textit{ScaleRatio} plugin (the magnifying glass on the main window video track) which brings up the Scale window. For cropped top instead of crop both top and bottom, modify the \textit{Src Y}. As you change the Y scale, you will see the cropping take place in the Compositor.
Scaling options are provided in order to preserve image aspect ratio. To determine which scaling option to use, it is important to correctly identify your source/destination video aspect ratios. Next is a short explanation of possible options.
\item[Vert Edge] this option preserves the Vertical edge.
\end{description}
-Horizontal and Vertical are duplicates or restatement of same functionality as Cropped or Filled but are provided as options to accommodate different ways of thinking. In any case, you can choose which outer edges of the image to crop by using the \texttt{Show Controls} of the Scale Ratio plugin. For example, you can ensure that no \textit{action} is lost by displaying the center of the screen only or making sure that any textual information on the bottom is not lost by cutting only the top off.
+Horizontal and Vertical are duplicates or restatement of same functionality as Cropped or Filled but are provided as options to accommodate different ways of thinking. In any case, you can choose which outer edges of the image to crop by using the \textit{Show Controls} of the Scale Ratio plugin. For example, you can ensure that no \textit{action} is lost by displaying the center of the screen only or making sure that any textual information on the bottom is not lost by cutting only the top off.
\textit{Step 3}: Batch render menu appears with \texttt{m2ts} format selected for blu-ray or \texttt{dvd} format selected for regular/standard DVD when File Format selected is ffmpeg in the previous \textit{Create DVD} menu. It will work just fine without selecting ffmpeg for DVD and may be advantageous not to. Using the audio/video wrench tools (you will have to have the video batch job highlighted to manipulate the video or audio batch job for audio).
\begin{itemize}
\item Setup the audio bitrate ($192000$ recommended). Data rate is $192K$ default.
\item Setup the video bitrate ($6000000 - 12000000$ recommended). $10Mb/sec$ is the current default.
- \item Click \texttt{OK} check button.
+ \item Click OK check button.
\end{itemize}
The default bitrate is the largest value possible. The actual \textit{target} bitrate is calculated based on a formula from the blu-ray/DVD code. It divides the media size (in bits) by the video time (in seconds) to find the bitrate that will \textit{just fit} on the target media. This could create a weird bitrate if the media is large, and the video time is small, so the default/target bitrate is limited to $10Mb/s$.Batch jobs are then built and appended to the job list. Once these batch jobs are built, if you make any changes, you have to start over. You will see listed the batch jobs that are created to perform the rendering/tasks -- 2 jobs for blu-ray, one for audio/video processing and one for the scripts. There will be 3 batch jobs created for DVD when not using ffmpeg to include one each for audio and video and then one more for the scripts. When you click on \texttt{start}, it fires off those jobs and you will see the rendering main window progress bar in the bottom corner reflecting the fact that it is currently processing. Be aware that the Cinelerra program will be totally shutdown AFTER the batch jobs finish. Screenshot below shows BD blu-ray creation with 2 batch jobs queued up and ready to go.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch01.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch01.png}
\caption{Batch render for DVD creation}
\label{fig:dvd-batch01}
\end{figure}
\label{fig:dvd-batch02}
\end{figure}
-When you click on \texttt{start}, it fires off those jobs and you will see the rendering main window progress bar in the bottom corner reflecting the fact that it is currently processing. Be aware that the Cinelerra program will be \textbf{totally shutdown after the batch jobs finish} and you will be at the command line prompt.
+When you click on \textit{start}, it fires off those jobs and you will see the rendering main window progress bar in the bottom corner reflecting the fact that it is currently processing. Be aware that the Cinelerra program will be \textbf{totally shutdown after the batch jobs finish} and you will be at the command line prompt.
This will produce a new directory in your target path which contains a filesystem image file.
For example: \\
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch03.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.99\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch03.png}
\caption{Video options for bluray yuv422p}
\label{fig:dvd-batch03}
\end{figure}
-Figure~\ref{fig:dvd-batch04} shows the availability of 10-bit high quality 4:2 :2 for a Batch Render seen by clicking on wrench icon. You need specially compiled cinelerra in order to use the x265 10-bit as opposed to 8-bit.
+Figure~\ref{fig:dvd-batch04} shows the availability of 10-bit high quality 4:2 :2 for a Batch Render seen by clicking on wrench icon. You need specially compiled Cinelerra in order to use the x265 10-bit as opposed to 8-bit.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch04.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.99\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch04.png}
\caption{Video options for bluray yuv422p10}
\label{fig:dvd-batch04}
\end{figure}
\section{Output Terminal Messages from Creating DVDs}%
\label{sec:output_terminal_messages_dvd}
-Below are examples of what the batch jobs generate and you will see on the terminal screen if you started the cinelerra program in the recommended manner from a terminal window. It is just informational but will let you know if errors. In looking at any of the output, you can safely ignore the errors that read \texttt{Unsupported codec with id 100357 for input stream 0} -- this comes from \textit{nav-data} (navigation data). The first 2 examples are seen from running the batch jobs; the last 2 are from the single line execution which records the media output to the DVD hardware.
+Below are examples of what the batch jobs generate and you will see on the terminal screen if you started the Cinelerra program in the recommended manner from a terminal window. It is just informational but will let you know if errors. In looking at any of the output, you can safely ignore the errors that read \textit{Unsupported codec with id 100357 for input stream 0} -- this comes from \textit{nav-data} (navigation data). The first 2 examples are seen from running the batch jobs; the last 2 are from the single line execution which records the media output to the DVD hardware.
\subsubsection*{SD Example: Partial Output during Cinelerra run}
\label{ssub:sd_example_partial_output}
For DVD creation, \texttt{cd /workpath/dvd\_date-time} directory and look for similar files:
-\texttt{dvd.ac3 \quad dvd.jobs \quad dvd.m2v \quad dvd.mpg \quad dvd.sh \quad dvd.xml}
+\texttt{dvd.ac3 \quad dvd.jobs \quad dvd.m2v \quad dvd.mpg \quad dvd.sh \quad dvd.xml}\\
\texttt{iso} directory with VIDEO\_TS and AUDIO\_TS subdirectories of non-zero size.
Note that there will be no files in the actual AUDIO\_TS directory.
\begin{itemize}
\item Are you logged in as root? This is required in order to loopback mount files for bluray and to write media on \texttt{/dev/hardware}. See section \hyperref[sec:bluray_workaround_mount_umount]{13.7} for a workaround for normal user mode.
- \item Did you startup cinelerra from a terminal window so you can see informative messages?
+ \item Did you startup Cinelerra from a terminal window so you can see informative messages?
\item Is udftools installed for BD and dvdauthor installed for SD?
\item Do you have loopback not enabled for bluray? At least temporarily, disable automount via:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash,numbers=none]
\item Did you have sufficient disk space for working/writing files? In the \textit{Create} window, the \textit{disk space} will be displayed in green if sufficient, but in red if less than what fits on the disc media.
\item Did you use \texttt{/tmp} as the work device, then rebooted the computer, which deleted files on \texttt{/tmp}?
\item If the input media is interlaced, did you check the Deinterlace option to eliminate interlacing?
- \item Did you change the output name in the \textit{Batch Render} window after the batch jobs were already created? These filenames have already been written to disk. If you want to change either the Title or the \texttt{Work\_path}, you have to start over.
+ \item Did you change the output name in the \textit{Batch Render} window after the batch jobs were already created? These filenames have already been written to disk. If you want to change either the Title or the \textit{Work\_path}, you have to start over.
\item Have you selected a Title in the Create window that is a directory that already exists? The program attempts to create that directory and will give you an error message if it exists.
\item Did you replace the \texttt{/dev/bd} or \texttt{/dev/dvd} on the command line with your hardware device name?
\item If a warning was issued in the Create BD/SD window of \textit{* non-standard format} and your bluray reader could not play the disc, did you change to a standard format instead?
\item Double carriage return indicates the end of a entry and helps to keep track of where you are.
\end{itemize}
\item The "\textit{=}" sign in column 1 indicates a comment seen in the script text to assist you in location.
- \item An “\textit{*}” at the beginning of the line is a comment and not a script line.
+ \item An "\textit{*}" at the beginning of the line is a comment and not a script line.
\item \textit{Whitespace} at either the beginning of a script line or the end will be removed.
\end{itemize}
Editing in the Line Text box can be used to change the active script line. By double clicking the timeline over the subtitle track, you can reselect the active script line. The subtitle text will be reloaded into the Line Text box and can be edited and re-pasted as the new active subtitle text. You can also highlight multiple lines in the Script Text box and paste them (using the usual window paste methodology) into the Line Text box. After pasting to the timeline, the Line Text box will be updated with the next script line. In addition, if you triple click a line in the \textit{Script Text} box, it will automatically become the current line in the \textit{Line Text} box.
-When you are finished, before clicking \texttt{Save}, you must supply a legitimate filename in the \textit{Path} box; your current directory will be used if only a filename but no directory path is supplied. The filename used will automatically have a “-” after it followed by the \textit{track label} and then \textit{udvd} extension added; any extension in the filename will be removed.. If you click \texttt{OK} before saving, the subtitle script position is saved with the session. This is convenient for continuing where you left off.
+When you are finished, before clicking \textit{Save}, you must supply a legitimate filename in the \textit{Path} box; your current directory will be used if only a filename but no directory path is supplied. The filename used will automatically have a "--" after it followed by the \textit{track label} and then \textit{udvd} extension added; any extension in the filename will be removed.. If you click OK before saving, the subtitle script position is saved with the session. This is convenient for continuing where you left off.
\noindent To reposition the script, use the slider or tumbler buttons:
\section{Dvd Interlaced Chroma}%
\label{sec:dvd_interlaced_chroma}
-Cinelerra uses $4:4:4$ colorspace to edit, so it is necessary to convert interlaced $4:2:0$ video to $4:4:4$.
+Cinelerra uses 4:4:4 colorspace to edit, so it is necessary to convert interlaced 4:2:0 video to 4:4:4.
But you can run into problems, referred to as the \textit{chroma bug}, which you see in DVD media displayed on higher resolution monitors -- streaks or spiky horizontal lines are visible in the chroma channel, especially on diagonal edges. The Chroma Bug is specific to MPEG and 4:2:0 encoding.
Now you can use the \textit{YUV420P DVD Interlace Mode} when rendering DV directly to mpeg2 through a yuv4mpeg stream and when using video effects on HDV video.
With this option enabled, improved chroma results will be obtained from your DV or HDV source.
Editing DV or HDV and rendering it back to the same format does not require any special handling.
-In order to perform colorspace conversions correctly in Cinelerra and avoid Chroma errors for interlaced $4:2:0$ video, check the box as follows:
+In order to perform colorspace conversions correctly in Cinelerra and avoid Chroma errors for interlaced 4:2:0 video, check the box as follows:
\texttt{Settings $\rightarrow$ Performance $\rightarrow$ YUV420P DVD Interlace Mode}
This option maintains the interlacing in Chroma sample addressing, which ordinarily would be deleted
because the upsampling of interlaced chroma fields is normally done using a progressive algorithm.
With this mode enabled, the MPEG decoder uses a different algorithm for interlaced frames so that the
-$4:2:0$ format chroma interlacing is preserved.
+4:2:0 format chroma interlacing is preserved.
\section{MPEG utility programs}%
\label{sec:mpeg_utility_programs}
./zmpeg3cc2txt [-c cc_service ] [-s start:length, ...] [ -t track ] [-v verbose ] [-w wdw mask ] [-x file.xml ] [-o file.udvd ] file.ts
\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{tabular}{lcl}
+\begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{lcl}
cc\_service&=&closed caption service id\\
start:length&=&start:length frames (comma separated list)\\
file.ts&=&filename for transport stream\\
\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
To use this program, the input file must be a transport stream (broadcast video) which contains closed captioning services. The service id defaults to one, and the default video track is zero. Either \texttt{-o} or \texttt{-x} must be specified to indicate the output file format desired. If the output file name is a '-' then stdout is selected as the output file.
For example:
\section{HDV on a Blu-ray Disc Without Re-encoding}%
\label{sec:hdv_bd_without_reencoding}
-An MTS file is a video file saved in the high-definition (HD) MPEG Transport Stream video format, commonly called \textit{AVCHD}. It contains HD video compatible with Blu-ray disc format and is based on the MPEG-2 transport stream. MTS files are often used by Sony, Panasonic, Canon and other HD camcorders. Legal input for Video --- MPEG1VIDEO, MPEG2VIDEO, H264; Audio --- MP1, MP2, AC3, AC3PLUS, DTS, TRUHD.
+An MTS file is a video file saved in the high-definition (HD) MPEG Transport Stream video format, commonly called \textit{AVCHD}. It contains HD video compatible with Blu-ray disc format and is based on the MPEG-2 transport stream. MTS files are often used by Sony, Panasonic, Canon and other HD camcorders. Legal input for Video -- MPEG1VIDEO, MPEG2VIDEO, H264; Audio -- MP1, MP2, AC3, AC3PLUS, DTS, TRUHD.
-For creating a blu-ray disc, if you have HDV MPEG-2 media that is in blu-ray format, you can save the original quality of your work, rather than rendering it to another format. Follow the steps below directly instead of going through cinelerra. It has been tested on 10 different MTS files.
+For creating a blu-ray disc, if you have HDV MPEG-2 media that is in blu-ray format, you can save the original quality of your work, rather than rendering it to another format. Follow the steps below directly instead of going through Cinelerra. It has been tested on 10 different MTS files.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash,numbers=none]
du -sb /yourHDVfile.MTS # Determine the size of your file in bytes.
blocks=((size-in-bytes/2048 + 4096)) # Convert bytes into blocks + a little more.
mkudffs /tmp/newfilename.udfs blocks # Create a file with that \# of blocks + some extra.
mount -o loop /tmp/newfilename.udfs /mntX # Use a mount point like mntX that is not in use.
-/<cinelerra_installed_path>/bin/bdwrite /mntX /tmp/yourHDVfile.MTS # Substitute cinelerra path.
+/<cinelerra_installed_path>/bin/bdwrite /mntX /tmp/yourHDVfile.MTS # Substitute Cinelerra path.
umount /mntX # You must unmount the udfs filesystem
growisofs -Z /dev/bd=/tmp/newfilename.udfs # Replace /dev/bd with your bluray hardware device.
OR dd if=/tmp/newfilename.udfs of=/dev/bd bs=2048000 # if using rewritable blu-ray; replace bd.
\section{Blu-ray Workaround for Mount/Umount}%
\label{sec:bluray_workaround_mount_umount}
-Creating BD images to be written to media requires usage of \textit{mount} and \textit{umount} which typically can only be done by the root user due to security. If you want to avoid running cinelerra as root, you can implement a workaround by adding a line in \texttt{/etc/fstab} (must be root to edit the file initially) and by creating a directory in your home area, called \texttt{bluray}. You only have to do this once unless you upgrade the Operating System and it wipes out the line in \texttt{/etc/fsta}b. Now the cinelerra program will automatically do the mount and umount for you each time you execute BD Render and you can run as an ordinary user.
+Creating BD images to be written to media requires usage of \textit{mount} and \textit{umount} which typically can only be done by the root user due to security. If you want to avoid running Cinelerra as root, you can implement a workaround by adding a line in \texttt{/etc/fstab} (must be root to edit the file initially) and by creating a directory in your home area, called \textit{bluray}. You only have to do this once unless you upgrade the Operating System and it wipes out the line in \texttt{/etc/fsta}b. Now the Cinelerra program will automatically do the mount and umount for you each time you execute BD Render and you can run as an ordinary user.
The line to add to \texttt{/etc/fstab} will look something like the following, assuming your username is \textit{name} and your groupid may be \textit{users} or \textit{name}. If you do an \texttt{ls -l} in your home directory, the $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ fields shown will be your uid or name and gid or groupid which you must substitute in the line below.
/home/name/image /home/name/bluray udf noauto,loop,rw,user,uid=name,gid=groupid 0 0
\end{lstlisting}
-Also, be sure to do a \texttt{mkdir bluray} in your \texttt{/home/name} directory as this is a requirement (owned by you; uid=gid=name). When the actual image to be written to disc media is created, it will first d any current \texttt{/home/name/image} file. Warning – make sure you do not already have a file called \textit{image} that you want to save as it will be automatically deleted every time you initiate a BD Render. So you will want to burn a bluray disc after cinelerra creates the \textit{image} since it will written over on the next rendition. The actual writing to your bluray burner (something like \texttt{/dev/sr0}) is done outside of cinelerra at a terminal prompt and requires root privilege usually. You can either use \textit{sudo} for 1 line or create user wheel group to get around this.
+Also, be sure to do a \texttt{mkdir bluray} in your \texttt{/home/name} directory as this is a requirement (owned by you; uid=gid=name). When the actual image to be written to disc media is created, it will first d any current \texttt{/home/name/image} file. Warning – make sure you do not already have a file called \textit{image} that you want to save as it will be automatically deleted every time you initiate a BD Render. So you will want to burn a bluray disc after Cinelerra creates the \textit{image} since it will written over on the next rendition. The actual writing to your bluray burner (something like \texttt{/dev/sr0}) is done outside of Cinelerra at a terminal prompt and requires root privilege usually. You can either use \textit{sudo} for 1 line or create user wheel group to get around this.
\section{Blu-ray from Multiple Cinelerra Output}%
\label{sec:bluray_multiple_cinelerra_output}
-Writing prepared multiple cinelerra output files, \texttt{bd.m2ts}, to a single bluray disc is relatively easy to do but is not done automatically. You can render all of the desired files via the Create BD menu, save each individual \texttt{bd.m2ts} file with a unique name, construct a Menu Title that reflects the contents of each of these files, then manually use a few commands to create a udfs file to be written to BD.
+Writing prepared multiple Cinelerra output files, \texttt{bd.m2ts}, to a single bluray disc is relatively easy to do but is not done automatically. You can render all of the desired files via the Create BD menu, save each individual \texttt{bd.m2ts} file with a unique name, construct a Menu Title that reflects the contents of each of these files, then manually use a few commands to create a udfs file to be written to BD.
Usage of the final preparation taken from the bdwrite program comments:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Create all of the \texttt{bd.m2ts} files that you want to put on the Bluray.
- \item Using cinelerra, design your Title page using a few seconds of video and the \textit{Title} plugin.
+ \item Using Cinelerra, design your Title page using a few seconds of video and the \textit{Title} plugin.
\item Use BD Create to render your short Title video.
- \item Next is the most complicated part which is to run \texttt{mkudffs} with a sufficient amount of disk space to hold all of the \texttt{bd.m2ts} files \textit{plus a little more!} To calculate this, you can record the sizes from having run BD Create mkudffs. This number is displayed on the terminal screen when using the command line interface each time and add them together. Or recalculate the size of each bd.m2ts using the formula below and adding them all together. This is the number of blocks used to make a bluray image space for bdwrite to use. For many files, this could require a huge amount of space, so check first.
+ \item Next is the most complicated part which is to run \texttt{mkudffs} with a sufficient amount of disk space to hold all of the \texttt{bd.m2ts} files \textit{plus a little more!} To calculate this, you can record the sizes from having run BD Create mkudffs. This number is displayed on the terminal screen when using the command line interface each time and add them together. Or recalculate the size of each \texttt{bd.m2ts} using the formula below and adding them all together. This is the number of blocks used to make a bluray image space for bdwrite to use. For many files, this could require a huge amount of space, so check first.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash,numbers=none]
Total size = File0 size in bytes / 2048 + 4094 "+" File1 size in bytes / 2048 + 4094 "+" ...
\end{lstlisting}
Now create the image file via: \texttt{mkudffs image <Total size>} where image or udfs is the image name.
\item Loop mount the disk image (refer to Section \hyperref[sec:bluray_workaround_mount_umount]{13.7}).
- \item Then actually write your multiple bd.m2ts type files onto the \textit{image} where \texttt{<cin\_path>} is the location of the
cinelerra binary \textit{bdwrite} file and \texttt{<path>} is your directory path. Below is a single line that wrapped around with 4 Titles.
+ \item Then actually write your multiple bd.m2ts type files onto the \textit{image} where \texttt{<cin\_path>} is the location of the
Cinelerra binary \textit{bdwrite} file and \texttt{<path>} is your directory path. Below is a single line that wrapped around with 4 Titles.
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash,numbers=none]
<cin_path>/bin/bdwrite image /<path>menu_titles.m2ts --- /<path>/bd1.m2ts -- /<path>/bd2.m2ts -- /<path>/bd3.m2ts -- /<path>bd4.m2ts
\end{lstlisting}
- Note that the 3 dashes after the \texttt{menu\_titles.m2ts} lets the bluray player know to \textit{pause} after playing the few seconds video which contains the index to the rest of the files. The 2 dashes after each of the bd.m2ts signify \textit{stop}. That is when you will have to use your remote to \textit{Search Titles} in order to play the next one you want to see. In addition, if for some reason you just want to \textit{play all}, you will have to add another line to the Title menu as a choice and list all of the 4 files in a row at the end of your bdwrite line without any dashes in between.
+ Note that the 3 dashes after the \texttt{menu\_titles.m2ts} lets the bluray player know to \textit{pause} after playing the few seconds video which contains the index to the rest of the files. The 2 dashes after each of the \texttt{bd.m2ts} signify \textit{stop}. That is when you will have to use your remote to \textit{Search Titles} in order to play the next one you want to see. In addition, if for some reason you just want to \textit{play all}, you will have to add another line to the Title menu as a choice and list all of the 4 files in a row at the end of your bdwrite line without any dashes in between.
\item Umount the loopback disk.
\item Use your favorite \textit{dd} or \textit{growisofs} tool to write to a formatted bluray disc.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/dvd03.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{images/dvd03.png}
\caption{Set Scale Ratio to Cropped}
\label{fig:dvd03}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{images/scaleratio.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{images/scaleratio.png}
\caption{Scale Ratio plugin}
\label{fig:scaleratio1}
\end{figure}
Left and right sides of the bottom portion show the Source and the Destination X, Y, W, H values. As you change the values on the left side, you can see how this will affect the output as you observe the results in the compositor window. For example, as you change the values for SrcY in a \textit{cropped} Scale scenario, you see up/down movement.
-Keep in mind that the monitor you are using is NOT the intended output display device --- your digital TV is, which most likely will have different looking aspect/pixels, etc.
+Keep in mind that the monitor you are using is NOT the intended output display device -- your digital TV is, which most likely will have different looking aspect/pixels, etc.
\begin{enumerate}[start=11]
\item In order to \textit{crop} the bottom of the video in order to preserve all of the image on the top, modify the Src Y value on the bottom of the left hand side in the Scale Ratio plugin. Src Y which was $21$ has now been changed to $-18$. You will see in the Compositor window how the bottom dark colored border is now gone so that none of the top portion which contains a person's head will be chopped off. Compare figure~\ref{fig:dvd04} to figure~\ref{fig:dvd03} and note the blue legs can be now seen to the waist.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/dvd04.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{images/dvd04.png}
\caption{Better scale on compositor}
\label{fig:dvd04}
\end{figure}
\begin{enumerate}[start=12]
- \item Click the \texttt{Apply} box in the Scale Ratio window.
- \item Click the \texttt{Save to EDL Path} in the \textit{Batch Render} window for creating a DVD. If you do NOT do this, you will get a Warning box as seen in figure~\ref{fig:dvd-batch05}, to remind you to Save because you have changed the EDL by modifying the scaling parameters in the Scale Ratio window.
+ \item Click the \textit{Apply} box in the Scale Ratio window.
+ \item Click the \textit{Save to EDL Path} in the \textit{Batch Render} window for creating a DVD. If you do NOT do this, you will get a Warning box as seen in figure~\ref{fig:dvd-batch05}, to remind you to Save because you have changed the EDL by modifying the scaling parameters in the Scale Ratio window.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch05.png}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/dvd-batch05.png}
\caption{Error in Batch Render}
\label{fig:dvd-batch05}
\end{figure}
\begin{enumerate}[start=13]
- \item Next, make sure you have the Timeline set in the Main window at the beginning of where you want to start rendering. Also, make sure the first line in the \textit{Batches to render} section is highlighted as you can see above by the blue highlighting. Click on the \texttt{Start} box in the Batch Render window and you will see the video playing in the Compositor window.
+ \item Next, make sure you have the Timeline set in the Main window at the beginning of where you want to start rendering. Also, make sure the first line in the \textit{Batches to render} section is highlighted as you can see above by the blue highlighting. Click on the \textit{Start} box in the Batch Render window and you will see the video playing in the Compositor window.
\item Cinelerra program will be stopped when done rendering; you will be at the terminal prompt where you will see it has printed out some informational messages (or errors if problems), the last 2 are:
\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash,numbers=none]
To burn dvd, load blank media and run:
growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/dvd -dvd-video /mnt0/dvd_20161027-131723/iso
\end{lstlisting}
- \item Load a blank or rewritable DVD into your DVD writer device, which will be similar to \texttt{/dev/dvd} as in the \textit{growisofs} line above --- something like \texttt{/dev/sr0} on your computer.
+ \item Load a blank or rewritable DVD into your DVD writer device, which will be similar to \texttt{/dev/dvd} as in the \textit{growisofs} line above -- something like \texttt{/dev/sr0} on your computer.
\item Keyin the \textit{growisofs} line, substituting your actual writer device name. Again, you must be root.
\item When back at the terminal prompt, and if there are no errors, keyin \texttt{eject /dev/dvd} substituting.
\item Play it on your DVD player connected up to your Digital TV screen.
projects / goodguy / cin-manual-latex.git / blobdiff