4 * Copyright (C) 2008 Adam Williams <broadcast at earthling dot net>
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2016 Cinelerra CV contributors
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
24 * dv1394.h - DV input/output over IEEE 1394 on OHCI chips
25 * Copyright (C)2001 Daniel Maas <dmaas@dcine.com>
26 * receive, proc_fs by Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>
29 * video1394.h - driver for OHCI 1394 boards
30 * Copyright (C)1999,2000 Sebastien Rougeaux <sebastien.rougeaux@anu.edu.au>
31 * Peter Schlaile <udbz@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
33 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
34 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
35 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
36 * (at your option) any later version.
38 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
39 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
40 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
41 * GNU General Public License for more details.
43 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
44 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
45 * Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
51 /* This is the public user-space interface. Try not to break it. */
53 #define DV1394_API_VERSION 0x20011127
55 /* ********************
61 There are two methods of operating the DV1394 DV output device.
65 The simplest is an interface based on write(): simply write
66 full DV frames of data to the device, and they will be transmitted
67 as quickly as possible. The FD may be set for non-blocking I/O,
68 in which case you can use select() or poll() to wait for output
71 To set the DV output parameters (e.g. whether you want NTSC or PAL
72 video), use the DV1394_INIT ioctl, passing in the parameters you
73 want in a struct dv1394_init.
76 To play a raw .DV file: cat foo.DV > /dev/dv1394
77 (cat will use write() internally)
80 static struct dv1394_init init = {
81 0x63, (broadcast channel)
82 4, (four-frame ringbuffer)
83 DV1394_NTSC, (send NTSC video)
84 0, 0 (default empty packet rate)
87 ioctl(fd, DV1394_INIT, &init);
90 read( <a raw DV file>, buf, DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE );
91 write( <the dv1394 FD>, buf, DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE );
96 For more control over buffering, and to avoid unnecessary copies
97 of the DV data, you can use the more sophisticated the mmap() interface.
98 First, call the DV1394_INIT ioctl to specify your parameters,
99 including the number of frames in the ringbuffer. Then, calling mmap()
100 on the dv1394 device will give you direct access to the ringbuffer
101 from which the DV card reads your frame data.
103 The ringbuffer is simply one large, contiguous region of memory
104 containing two or more frames of packed DV data. Each frame of DV data
105 is 120000 bytes (NTSC) or 144000 bytes (PAL).
107 Fill one or more frames in the ringbuffer, then use the DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES
108 ioctl to begin I/O. You can use either the DV1394_WAIT_FRAMES ioctl
109 or select()/poll() to wait until the frames are transmitted. Next, you'll
110 need to call the DV1394_GET_STATUS ioctl to determine which ringbuffer
111 frames are clear (ready to be filled with new DV data). Finally, use
112 DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES again to send the new data to the DV output.
115 Example: here is what a four-frame ringbuffer might look like
116 during DV transmission:
119 frame 0 frame 1 frame 2 frame 3
121 *--------------------------------------*
122 | CLEAR | DV data | DV data | CLEAR |
123 *--------------------------------------*
126 transmission goes in this direction --->>>
129 The DV hardware is currently transmitting the data in frame 1.
130 Once frame 1 is finished, it will automatically transmit frame 2.
131 (if frame 2 finishes before frame 3 is submitted, the device
132 will continue to transmit frame 2, and will increase the dropped_frames
133 counter each time it repeats the transmission).
136 If you called DV1394_GET_STATUS at this instant, you would
137 receive the following values:
141 first_clear_frame = 3
144 At this point, you should write new DV data into frame 3 and optionally
145 frame 0. Then call DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES to inform the device that
146 it may transmit the new frames.
150 An error (buffer underflow/overflow or a break in the DV stream due
151 to a 1394 bus reset) can be detected by checking the dropped_frames
152 field of struct dv1394_status (obtained through the
153 DV1394_GET_STATUS ioctl).
155 The best way to recover from such an error is to re-initialize
156 dv1394, either by using the DV1394_INIT ioctl call, or closing the
157 file descriptor and opening it again. (note that you must unmap all
158 ringbuffer mappings when closing the file descriptor, or else
159 dv1394 will still be considered 'in use').
163 For maximum efficiency and robustness against bus errors, you are
164 advised to model the main loop of your application after the
165 following pseudo-code example:
167 (checks of system call return values omitted for brevity; always
168 check return values in your code!)
170 while ( frames left ) {
172 struct pollfd *pfd = ...;
176 pfd->events = POLLOUT | POLLIN; (OUT for transmit, IN for receive)
178 (add other sources of I/O here)
180 poll(pfd, 1, -1); (or select(); add a timeout if you want)
183 struct dv1394_status status;
185 ioctl(dv1394_fd, DV1394_GET_STATUS, &status);
187 if (status.dropped_frames > 0) {
190 for (int i = 0; i < status.n_clear_frames; i++) {
197 where copy_DV_frame() reads or writes on the dv1394 file descriptor
198 (read/write mode) or copies data to/from the mmap ringbuffer and
199 then calls ioctl(DV1394_SUBMIT_FRAMES) to notify dv1394 that new
200 frames are availble (mmap mode).
202 reset_dv1394() is called in the event of a buffer
203 underflow/overflow or a halt in the DV stream (e.g. due to a 1394
204 bus reset). To guarantee recovery from the error, this function
205 should close the dv1394 file descriptor (and munmap() all
206 ringbuffer mappings, if you are using them), then re-open the
207 dv1394 device (and re-map the ringbuffer).
212 /* maximum number of frames in the ringbuffer */
213 #define DV1394_MAX_FRAMES 32
215 /* number of *full* isochronous packets per DV frame */
216 #define DV1394_NTSC_PACKETS_PER_FRAME 250
217 #define DV1394_PAL_PACKETS_PER_FRAME 300
219 /* size of one frame's worth of DV data, in bytes */
220 #define DV1394_NTSC_FRAME_SIZE (480 * DV1394_NTSC_PACKETS_PER_FRAME)
221 #define DV1394_PAL_FRAME_SIZE (480 * DV1394_PAL_PACKETS_PER_FRAME)
224 /* ioctl() commands */
225 #include "ieee1394-ioctl.h"
236 /* this is the argument to DV1394_INIT */
238 /* DV1394_API_VERSION */
239 unsigned int api_version;
241 /* isochronous transmission channel to use */
242 unsigned int channel;
244 /* number of frames in the ringbuffer. Must be at least 2
245 and at most DV1394_MAX_FRAMES. */
246 unsigned int n_frames;
248 /* send/receive PAL or NTSC video format */
249 enum pal_or_ntsc format;
251 /* the following are used only for transmission */
253 /* set these to zero unless you want a
254 non-default empty packet rate (see below) */
258 /* set this to zero unless you want a
259 non-default SYT cycle offset (default = 3 cycles) */
260 unsigned int syt_offset;
263 /* NOTE: you may only allocate the DV frame ringbuffer once each time
264 you open the dv1394 device. DV1394_INIT will fail if you call it a
265 second time with different 'n_frames' or 'format' arguments (which
266 would imply a different size for the ringbuffer). If you need a
267 different buffer size, simply close and re-open the device, then
268 initialize it with your new settings. */
270 /* Q: What are cip_n and cip_d? */
273 A: DV video streams do not utilize 100% of the potential bandwidth offered
274 by IEEE 1394 (FireWire). To achieve the correct rate of data transmission,
275 DV devices must periodically insert empty packets into the 1394 data stream.
276 Typically there is one empty packet per 14-16 data-carrying packets.
278 Some DV devices will accept a wide range of empty packet rates, while others
279 require a precise rate. If the dv1394 driver produces empty packets at
280 a rate that your device does not accept, you may see ugly patterns on the
281 DV output, or even no output at all.
283 The default empty packet insertion rate seems to work for many people; if
284 your DV output is stable, you can simply ignore this discussion. However,
285 we have exposed the empty packet rate as a parameter to support devices that
286 do not work with the default rate.
288 The decision to insert an empty packet is made with a numerator/denominator
289 algorithm. Empty packets are produced at an average rate of CIP_N / CIP_D.
290 You can alter the empty packet rate by passing non-zero values for cip_n
291 and cip_d to the INIT ioctl.
297 struct dv1394_status {
298 /* this embedded init struct returns the current dv1394
300 struct dv1394_init init;
302 /* the ringbuffer frame that is currently being
303 displayed. (-1 if the device is not transmitting anything) */
306 /* index of the first buffer (ahead of active_frame) that
307 is ready to be filled with data */
308 unsigned int first_clear_frame;
310 /* how many buffers, including first_clear_buffer, are
311 ready to be filled with data */
312 unsigned int n_clear_frames;
314 /* how many times the DV stream has underflowed, overflowed,
315 or otherwise encountered an error, since the previous call
316 to DV1394_GET_STATUS */
317 unsigned int dropped_frames;
319 /* N.B. The dropped_frames counter is only a lower bound on the actual
320 number of dropped frames, with the special case that if dropped_frames
321 is zero, then it is guaranteed that NO frames have been dropped
322 since the last call to DV1394_GET_STATUS.
327 #endif /* _DV_1394_H */