$\leftarrow$ Keyframe $\rightarrow$ Plugin
\includegraphics[height=\baselineskip]{plugin.png}
+It is important to understand the fundamental difference between \CGG{} \textit{Autos} (zoom,
+pan, etc.) is that \textit{Autos} are interpolable in any way (linear, bezier, etc.) while
+\textit{Plugin keyframes} may be interpolable in various ways or not be interpolable at all.
+
\section{Automation Keyframes /\,Autos}%
\label{sec:automation_keyframes_autos}
-\index{keyframes: autos}
+\index{keyframes!autos}
The \textit{autos} are created by clicking on an \textit{automation curve} to establish the time position for the new keyframe anchor point. The basic nature of these simple auto values make them primitive operations that are easy to apply when needed.
Curve smoothing is called \textit{interpolation} and it uses keyframe point values and control values that determine how the curve will react at the time the media is played or rendered. Interpolation uses 2 keyframes to create a set of intermediates which are used as active values between the \textit{previous} and \textit{next} keyframe anchors on the timeline. The way the intermediate data is generated depends on the type of curve used to invent these values. \CGG{} interpolates the intermediate values making the change happen smoothly and gradually over time. The simple linear mathematical formula for interpolation is: $a\times(1-t) + b\times t$ where $0\le t\le 1$ uniformly.
+Autos are handled inside the main executable. Therefore \CGG{} knows exactly what a particular Auto does, how to interpret it, and how it can be interpolated.
+
\section{Using Autos}%
\label{sec:using_autos}
The first click on the curve, creates a keyframe which you can click drag on to reposition. The second click at a later position, generates the smoothing by creating a smooth ramp. Ctrl-dragging on a keyframe round control point handle \index{control point handle} changes the value of either the input control or the output control. This affects the sharpness of the curve. While the input control and the output control can be moved horizontally as well as vertically, the horizontal movement is only for legibility and is not used in the curve value. When you Shift-drag on a timeline curve, the keyframe snaps to the value of either the next or previous keyframe, depending on which exists. It will snap up or down depending on direction of movement. This lets you set a constant curve value without having to copy the next or previous keyframe.
-To make it easier to navigate curve keyframes, since there is not much room on the timeline for a wide range of curve values, you need to zoom the curves in and out vertically to have any variability. This is done by 2 tools: the automation fit button, Alt-f, and automation zoom \index{zoom panel} menu which is seen at the bottom of the main window (figure~\ref{fig:automation}). The automation fit button scales and offsets the vertical range so the selected curve area appears in the timeline. If a region of the timeline is highlighted by the cursor, only that region is scaled. In/out points do not affect the zoomed region. The automation zoom menu manually changes the vertical scaling of the curves in multiples of 2. Click on its tumbler to change the zoom. Alt$-\uparrow$ and Alt$-\downarrow$ change the automation zoom from the keyboard.
+To make it easier to navigate curve keyframes, since there is not much room on the timeline for a wide range of curve values, you need to zoom the curves in and out vertically to have any variability. This is done by 2 tools: the automation fit button, Alt-f, and automation zoom \index{zoom!panel} menu which is seen at the bottom of the main window (figure~\ref{fig:automation}). The automation fit button scales and offsets the vertical range so the selected curve area appears in the timeline. If a region of the timeline is highlighted by the cursor, only that region is scaled. In/out points do not affect the zoomed region. The automation zoom menu manually changes the vertical scaling of the curves in multiples of 2. Click on its tumbler to change the zoom. Alt$-\uparrow$ and Alt$-\downarrow$ change the automation zoom from the keyboard.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
\begin{itemize}
\item Double left mouse click on a curve Fade or Speed line will create ganged keyframes so that there is a
keyframe on each of the tracks in the exact same position.
- \item Left mouse click on a keyframe position will show the numerical value in a yellow tooltip-like box.
+ \item Left mouse click on a keyframe position will show the numerical value in a colored tooltip-like box.
\item Right mouse click on the curve type line will bring up the option of \textit{Hide keyframe type}. This
provides the same functionality as disabling the keyframe type in the \textit{View} pulldown menu. Often it
helps to use this in order to be able to see other things on the timeline once it gets cluttered.
\end{enumerate}
\end{itemize}
-You can click mouse button 3 on a keyframe box \index{keyframes MMB options} and a menu pops up with the first menu item showing the keyframe type. The top menu item can be activated for immediate access to update the automation keyframe value. Some keyframe types, which have values that can be manipulated in another way than by dragging the color coded line, now show up with a different colored background to make them more visible. Keep in mind that Zoombar \index{zoom panel} ranges/values must be set to appropriate values when working with specific keyframe types, such as Fade or Speed. If you do not see the auto line in the visible area of the video track, try the key combination Alt-f or select the speed in the \textit{Automation Type} drop-down menu at the bottom of the main window. To the right of this field is \textit{Automation Range} where you can set the display ratio of these lines. Simply change the values until the lines are visible again.
+You can click mouse button 3 (RMB) on a keyframe box \index{keyframes!MMB options} and a menu pops up with the first menu item showing the keyframe type. The top menu item can be activated for immediate access to update the automation keyframe value. Some keyframe types, which have values that can be manipulated in another way than by dragging the color coded line, now show up with a different colored background to make them more visible. Keep in mind that Zoombar \index{zoom!panel} ranges/values must be set to appropriate values when working with specific keyframe types, such as Fade or Speed. If you do not see the auto line in the visible area of the video track, try the key combination Alt-f or select the speed in the \textit{Automation Type} drop-down menu at the bottom of the main window. To the right of this field is \textit{Automation Range} where you can set the display ratio of these lines. Simply change the values until the lines are visible again.
Figure~\ref{fig:overlays1} and figure~\ref{fig:fade} shows several color coded lines for different key\-fra\-mes and specifically the slider bar for the Fade keyframe. It is in the same color as the color coded keyframe type line which is the same color which would be shown in the \textit{Show overlays} window figure~\ref{fig:overlays_window}.
\label{fig:fade}
\end{figure}
-In the \textit{Editing} section of \texttt{Settings $\rightarrow$ Preferences, Interface} tab there is \textit{Keyframe reticle} \index{keyframes reticle} with options of Never, Dragging, or Always. This is used to help in checking edit alignment across tracks. (A reticle is a sighting line used to line up visual items, like cross hairs in a eyepiece.) The appearance and function of sighting lines can be changed when dragging auto keyframes. To see the effect, create some fader autos and drag a few to see the reticles drawn --- you will see something similar to the next screencast (figure~\ref{fig:always}). \textit{Always} renders a line over all plugins, and \textit{dragging} only over the drag icon. \textit{Never} draws nothing. The default is \textit{dragging}.
+In the \textit{Editing} section of \texttt{Settings $\rightarrow$ Preferences, Interface} tab there is \textit{Keyframe reticle} \index{keyframes!reticle} with options of Never, Dragging, or Always. This is used to help in checking edit alignment across tracks. (A reticle is a sighting line used to line up visual items, like cross hairs in a eyepiece.) The appearance and function of sighting lines can be changed when dragging auto keyframes. To see the effect, create some fader autos and drag a few to see the reticles drawn --- you will see something similar to the next screencast (figure~\ref{fig:always}). \textit{Always} renders a line over all plugins, and \textit{dragging} only over the drag icon. \textit{Never} draws nothing. The default is \textit{dragging}.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
you just right mouse it and change to either Tangent or Disjoint edit.
In the screencast to the right, the Fade Auto has pink colored curves and control points are seen as dashed lines next to the keyframe box with black filled circles on each end of the line. Use the Ctrl key with the left mouse button to modify the control point lines.
+See \ref{sec:workflow_keyframes_plugins} for a pratical example.
+
\section{Speed\,/\,Fade Automation Usage and Auto Gang}%
\label{sec:speed_fade_automation_gang}
-\index{keyframes auto gang}
+\index{keyframes!auto gang}
Speed automation resamples the data at a higher or lower playback rate. Speed automation can operate
on all tracks of the same type, either video or audio, with a single click; or all tracks, both video and
\begin{enumerate}
\item Use the pulldown menu \textit{View} on the main canvas and ensure that there is a checkmark left of the Speed or Fade selection.
- \item Double click and hold button 1 on any point of the Speed line on any track of the main track canvas and drag the handle where you want it, then release button 1.
+ \item Double click and hold button 1 (LMB) on any point of the Speed line on any track of the main track canvas and drag the handle where you want it, then release button 1 (LMB).
\item Note how all video and audio boxes move together simultaneously for synchronization.
\item You can adjust the sampling rate (speed/fade) at any time by doing the same single/double
click on a keyframe.
- \item To move the location left or right, hold down button 1 while moving it back and forth.
+ \item To move the location left or right, hold down button 1 (LMB) while moving it back and forth.
\item Use the status bar in the lower left hand corner to see position and playback rate.
\end{enumerate}
-Releasing button 1 ends the current dragging operation, but single clicking on a speed/fade keyframe handle again will restart the drag operation on tracks of the same type. Double clicking will select all armed tracks which have handles in the exact same cursor position. It is sometimes difficult to get the desired value for the speed and it may take a few tries to get to the desired endpoint, but you can use an auto slider bar to get better control for more precision. This is not ganged so you will have to do this on each track to achieve the same value.
+Releasing button 1 (LMB) ends the current dragging operation, but single clicking on a speed/fade keyframe handle again will restart the drag operation on tracks of the same type. Double clicking will select all armed tracks which have handles in the exact same cursor position. It is sometimes difficult to get the desired value for the speed and it may take a few tries to get to the desired endpoint, but you can use an auto slider bar to get better control for more precision. This is not ganged so you will have to do this on each track to achieve the same value.
An easy way to get an exact position is to set the \textit{Automation range} in the bottom bar of the main
window to the low and high ends of the desired range. For example, 1.000 to 50.000, which makes it
so you can drag the speed/fade handle all the way to the left for 1.000 or all the way to the right for 50.
-Figure~\ref{fig:always} shows orange keyframes and lines for the ganged speed automation on all video/audio tracks. The figure shows the orange speed slider bar triangle with the current value displayed via the tooltip. Note the status bar numbers in the lower lefthand corner displaying 01:08 seconds as the location and 2.05 as the playback rate.
+Figure~\ref{fig:speed} shows orange keyframes and lines for the ganged speed automation on all video/audio tracks. The figure shows the orange speed slider bar triangle with the current value displayed via the tooltip. Note the status bar numbers in the lower lefthand corner displaying 01:08 seconds as the location and 2.05 as the playback rate.
\begin{figure}[htpb]
\centering
\section{Bump autos}%
\label{sec:bump_autos}
-\index{keyframes: bump autos}
+\index{keyframes!bump autos}
Bump autos are a kind of floating point keyframe that differs from the rest
of the floating autos, like smooth and linear, in that they have two values:
\section{Plugin Keyframes}%
\label{sec:plugin_keyframe}
-\index{keyframes: plugin}
+\index{keyframes!plugin}
The Plugin keyframes are structured. The individual data values are named parameters to the keyframe function. For example, the hue plugin has keyframe parameters of hue, saturation, and value. Each plugin has its own parameters, and what they do depends on the plugin. Most of the time, it is pretty obvious what the value controls, like the audio gain plugin with the level parameter. Some of the plugins have a wide variety of controls, like the titler which can setup a wide number of controls, like formats, fonts, styles, placement, and so on.
Plugins also may use interpolation to smooth the data between the keyframe paramaters on the timeline. Just exactly how this is done varies with the plugin and is not always easy to predict, but this
is usually due to the nature of the keyframe parameter data. For example, it does not make sense to interpolate which font is in use.
+Plugin keyframes are handled inside its own plugin. \CGG{} knows nothing about internal functionalities inside plugins, either external (such as ffmpeg) or native plugins. And has no chance to do
+any interpolation. Only the plugin can interpolate its own keyframes. And if you succeed to add plugin keyframe interpolation in some particular plugin, all the other (even similar in functionality) plugins will know nothing about it. So, each one out of dozen of plugin keyframes has to be implemented individually.
+
\section{Default Keyframe}%
\label{sec:default_keyframe}
-\index{keyframes: default keyframe}
-\index{keyframes pulldown}
+\index{keyframes!default keyframe}
+\index{keyframes!pulldown}
For plugins, there is a special hidden keyframe, called the \textit{default keyframe}, that is used when no previous keyframe exists. It is like keyframe zero on the timeline, and it is persistent and shared on
all sessions. The intent is to make a parameter set that is likely to be reused on all initial instances of the plugin. An example may be to color correct a set of media that was taken in low light, or needs resampling to be played correctly. The default keyframe is \textit{off the bar on the left side} of the plugin title bar and can not be seen. It is used when there is no \textit{previous} keyframe for its default values.
\section{Keyframe \textit{Edit Params} for Plugins}%
\label{sec:keyframe_edit_params_plugin}
-\index{keyframes: preset edit}
+\index{plugins!preset edit}
-Keyframe values can be set using the various plugin \textit{show controls} \index{keyframes: show controls} (magnifying glass) icon on the plugin track (figure~\ref{fig:parameters}). It is possible to see all of the keyframe data in a raw format using the \textit{Edit Params} popup menu item which you will see when you right mouse click the keyframe icon on the timeline. The keyframe data is stored in xml format, and the \textit{edit params} feature allows you to view and modify the xml data directly. This normally should not be necessary since the plugin's control gui displays the intended parameters, but this will let you view and specify just about anything that can be specified in xml. There is no validation checking of the modified data.
+Keyframe values can be set using the various plugin \textit{plugins: show controls} \index{plugins!show controls} (magnifying glass) icon on the plugin track (figure~\ref{fig:parameters}).
\begin{figure}[htpb]
- \centering
- \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{parameters.png}
- \caption{Keyframe Parameters window for a Color 3 Way plugin added to the video track}
- \label{fig:parameters}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.7\linewidth]{parameters.png}
+ \caption{Keyframe Parameters window for a Color 3 Way plugin added to the video track}
+ \label{fig:parameters}
\end{figure}
+It is possible to see all of the keyframe data in a raw format using the \textit{Edit Params} popup menu item which you will see when you right mouse click the keyframe icon on the timeline. The keyframe data is stored in xml format, and the \textit{edit params} feature allows you to view and modify the xml data directly. This normally should not be necessary since the plugin's control gui displays the intended parameters, but this will let you view and specify just about anything that can be specified in xml. There is no validation checking of the modified data.
+
\section{Generate Keyframes while Tweaking / Automatic Keyframe Mode}%
\label{sec:generate_keyframe_tweaking}
-\index{keyframes: automatic mode}
+\index{keyframes!automatic mode}
Tweaking is defined as changing a parameter while playing -- it can be small changes or small motion increments performed in a series. These changes are recorded as a series of new keyframes on the timeline. Enable automatic keyframe mode by enabling the automatic keyframe toggle, that is \textit{Generate keyframes while tweaking}. In automatic keyframe mode, every time you tweak a key-framable parameter it creates a keyframe on the timeline. Since keyframes affect playback, you should enable generate keyframes just before you need a keyframe and disable when your parameter changes are complete. So turn on when ready to make changes and turn off when done!
\section{Compositor Keyframes}%
\label{sec:compositor_keyframes}
-\index{keyframes: compositor}
+\index{keyframes!compositor}
Camera and projector translation is represented by two parameters: \textit{x} and \textit{y}, making it difficult to adjust with curves. \CGG{} solves this problem by relying on automatic keyframes. With a video track loaded, move the insertion point to the beginning of the track and enable automatic keyframe mode. Move the projector slightly in the compositor window to create a keyframe. Then go forward several seconds. Move the projector a long distance to create another keyframe and emphasize motion. This creates a second projector box in the compositor, with a line joining the two boxes. The joining line is the motion path. If you create more keyframes, more boxes are created. Once all the desired keyframes are created, disable automatic keyframe mode.
\section{More about Editing Keyframes}%
\label{sec:more_about_editing_keyframes}
-\index{keyframes editing operations}
+\index{keyframes!editing operations}
Keyframes can be shifted around and moved between tracks on the timeline using similar cut and paste operations to editing media. Only the keyframes selected in the View menu are affected by keyframe editing operations.
\section{Allow Keyframe Spanning}%
\label{sec:allow_keyframes_spanning}
-\index{keyframes spanning}
+\index{keyframes!spanning}
\textit{Allow keyframe spanning} is enabled on the timeline by clicking on the icon that
is on the right side of the \textit{Generate keyframes while tweaking}. With this enabled,
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